Pamphlets | Geopolitics, China & the Global South

Pamphlets V7 card illustrating Mapuche students occupying TVN and Junaeb offices in Temuco over cultural funding.

Mapuche Students Occupy TVN and Junaeb Offices in Chile Over Cultural Funding

Students occupied two buildings in Temuco after accusing Chile’s government of withholding CLP 30 million for Mapuche cultural activities.

Hugo Castro

4 days ago

Mohammad Mosaddegh, Prime Minister of Iran, 1951. International News Photos. Historical press photograph, public domain in the United States. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dr_Mohammad_Mosaddeq.jpg

When Nationalization Challenged Empire: Mosaddegh, Allende and U.S. Covert Power

Iran in 1953 and Chile in 1973 show what happened when elected governments challenged control over oil, copper and capital: covert U.S. power moved to change the political balance.

History

Gianna Mao

May 3, 2025

João Goulart official portrait. Source: Wikimedia Commons, João “Jango” Goulart, Presidente do Brasil, foto oficial, 1961 (3x4).jpg. License/creator details: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jo%C3%A3o%20%E2%80%9CJango%E2%80%9D%20Goulart%2C%20Presidente%20do%20Brasil%2C%20foto%20oficial%2C%201961%20(3x4).jpg

Brazil 1964: Domestic Elites Made the Coup, Washington Prepared to Back It

Brazilian officers overthrew João Goulart in 1964, while declassified U.S. records show Washington cultivated opposition and prepared naval, fuel and ammunition support if the coup forces needed it.

Brazil

Carlitos Marquez

May 2, 2025

United Nations headquarters in New York. Source: Wikimedia Commons, Headquarters of the United Nations, New York City, 20231001 1103 1006.jpg. License/creator details: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Headquarters%20of%20the%20United%20Nations%2C%20New%20York%20City%2C%2020231001%201103%201006.jpg

Human Rights as Foreign-Policy Leverage: How Selective Enforcement Works

Human-rights reporting may be universal in language, but consequences are political. Egypt aid waivers, West Bank oversight fights and sanctions on international institutions show how strategy shapes enforcement.

USA

Gianna Mao

May 2, 2025

Jean-Bertrand Aristide returns to the National Palace in Port-au-Prince, 15 October 1994. TSGT Val Gempis / U.S. National Archives, public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DD-SD-99-03743.jpg

Haiti, Aristide and the Price of Sovereignty

Jean-Bertrand Aristide’s rise, coups, restoration and disputed 2004 departure expose a larger Haitian problem: formal independence inside a political order repeatedly shaped by foreign power.

Haiti

Carlitos Marquez

May 2, 2025

Deng Xiaoping portrait. Wikimedia Commons.

China–Vietnam 1979: When Geopolitics Overrode Socialist Alignment

The 1979 war showed that shared socialist ideology did not eliminate state rivalry. The Sino-Soviet split, Vietnam’s Soviet alliance and regional power politics pushed socialist states into armed conflict.

China

Gianna Mao

Apr 28, 2025

London financial district skyline. Source: Wikimedia Commons, London financial district.jpg. License/creator details: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:London%20financial%20district.jpg

Lenin’s Theory of Imperialism: Monopoly, Finance and the Struggle for the World Economy

Lenin connected monopoly, finance capital and the export of capital to the geopolitical struggle among powerful states. The framework remains useful because it traces foreign policy back to the structure of capital.

Theory & Analysis

Gianna Mao

Apr 26, 2025

Rubble on Gaza’s Wehda Street. Wikimedia Commons.

Palestine and Cuba: Different Systems of Pressure, One Question of Coercive Power

Occupation and war in Palestine are not the same as sanctions on Cuba. The useful comparison is narrower: how stronger states use military, financial and trade power to constrain weaker societies.

Palestine

Gianna Mao

Apr 25, 2025

View of China from the International Space Station. Source: Wikimedia Commons, ISS065-E-31198 - View of China.jpg. License/creator details: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ISS065-E-31198%20-%20View%20of%20China.jpg

Washington Tried to Contain China. Industrial Power Keeps Breaking the Script

U.S.–China rivalry now runs through chips, aircraft, rare earths, AI and industrial policy. China’s productive power means pressure increasingly produces negotiation and retaliation rather than simple compliance.

China

Gianna Mao

Apr 24, 2025

Xi Jinping arriving at Joint Base Andrews. Source: Wikimedia Commons, PRC President Xi Jinping arrives at Joint Base Andrews for state visit B-2479.jpg. License/creator details: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PRC%20President%20Xi%20Jinping%20arrives%20at%20Joint%20Base%20Andrews%20for%20state%20visit%20B-2479.jpg

Xi Jinping’s Marxism: Party Leadership, Development and the Primary Stage of Socialism

Xi Jinping Thought presents reform and modernization as the adaptation of Marxism to Chinese conditions, with Communist Party leadership positioned above the autonomy of capital.

China

Gianna Mao

Apr 21, 2025

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Mapuche Students Occupy TVN and Junaeb Offices in Chile Over Cultural Funding

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UN investigator who found Israel committed genocide in Gaza wins Nobel Peace Prize

Mapuche Students Occupy TVN and Junaeb Offices in Chile Over Cultural Funding

When Nationalization Challenged Empire: Mosaddegh, Allende and U.S. Covert Power

Brazil 1964: Domestic Elites Made the Coup, Washington Prepared to Back It

Human Rights as Foreign-Policy Leverage: How Selective Enforcement Works

Haiti, Aristide and the Price of Sovereignty

China–Vietnam 1979: When Geopolitics Overrode Socialist Alignment

Lenin’s Theory of Imperialism: Monopoly, Finance and the Struggle for the World Economy

Palestine and Cuba: Different Systems of Pressure, One Question of Coercive Power

Washington Tried to Contain China. Industrial Power Keeps Breaking the Script

Xi Jinping’s Marxism: Party Leadership, Development and the Primary Stage of Socialism